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The Federalist Papers

    The Federalist Papers were written and published during the years 1787 and 1788 in several New York State newspapers to persuade New York voters to ratify the proposed constitution. The primary authors were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison with help from John Jay. In total, the Federalist Papers contains 85 essays outlining how this new government would operate and why this type of government was the best choice for the United States of America. All of the essays were signed "PUBLIUS" and the actual authors of some are under dispute, but the general consensus is that Hamilton wrote 52, Madison wrote 28 and Jay contributed the remaining 5. The Federalist Papers remain today as an excellent reference for historians and constitutional scholars.

Federalist No. 1

   General Introduction
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 2

   Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
Author: John Jay

Federalist No. 3

   Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
Author: John Jay

Federalist No. 4

   Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
Author: John Jay

Federalist No. 5

   Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
Author: John Jay

Federalist No. 6

   Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 7

   Continued: Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 8

   The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 9

   The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 10

   Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 11

   The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 12

   The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 13

   Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 14

   Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 15

   The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 16

   Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 17

   Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 18

   Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 19

   Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 20

   Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 21

   Other Defects of the Present Confederation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 22

   Continued: Other Defects of the Present Confederation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 23

   The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 24

   The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 25

   Continued: The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 26

   The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 27

   Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 28

   Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 29

   Concerning the Militia
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 30

   Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 31

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 32

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 33

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 34

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 35

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 36

   Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 37

   Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 38

   Continued: Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 39

   The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 40

   The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 41

   General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 42

   The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 43

   Continued: The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 44

   Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 45

   The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 46

   The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 47

   The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 48

   These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 49

   Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 50

   Periodic Appeals to the People Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 51

   The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 52

   The House of Representatives
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 53

   Continued: The House of Representatives
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 54

   The Apportionment of Members Among the States
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 55

   The Total Number of the House of Representatives
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 56

   Continued: The Total Number of the House of Representatives
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 57

   The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation
Author: Alexander Hamilton and  James Madison

Federalist No. 58

   Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 59

   Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 60

   Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 61

   Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 62

   The Senate
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 63

   Continued; The Senate
Author: James Madison

Federalist No. 64

   The Powers of the Senate
Author: John Jay

Federalist No. 65

   Continued; The Powers of the Senate
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 66

   Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 67

   The Executive Department
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 68

   The Mode of Electing the President
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 69

   The Real Character of the Executive
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 70

   The Executive Department Further Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 71

   The Duration in Office of the Executive
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 72

   The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 73

   The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 74

   The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 75

   The Treaty Making Power of the Executive
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 76

   The Appointing Power of the Executive
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 77

   The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 78

   The Judiciary Department
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 79

   The Judiciary Continued
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 80

   The Powers of the Judiciary
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 81

   The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 82

   The Judiciary Continued
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 83

   The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 84

   Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist No. 85

   Concluding Remarks
Author: Alexander Hamilton

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